All about history and fact around the world

On November 19, 1863, in the midst of the American Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln delivered what would become one of the most enduring speeches in American history. Speaking at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Lincoln reflected on the brutal Battle of Gettysburg that had taken place just months before, where Union forces repelled the Confederate invasion of the North. In his short, 272-word address, Lincoln reaffirmed the principles of liberty and equality upon which the nation was founded, while also emphasizing the importance of preserving the Union. He ended with a call for "a new birth of freedom" and a government "of the people, by the people, for the people," words that continue to resonate in the American consciousness. .

Native Alaskan woman with her baby, 1906 The indigenous people in Alaska were thought to be one of the biggest groups of their kind. They consisted of five separate tribes, but they do not typically use that as a way to describe them. The groups are the Aleuts, the Northern Eskimos, the Southern Eskimos, the Interior Indians, and the Southeast Coastal Indians. Researchers were the ones to name them this way, divided up by regions. The woman here was a part of the Native Alaskan tribe and kept her son warm in the hood of her coat.

Born on September 6, 1698, in Orain, Burgundy, France, Jean Thurel embarked on an incredible military journey lasting an astonishing 75 years and 4 months. Enlisting at 18 in the Régiment de Touraine in 1716, Thurel's unwavering commitment became legendary. Facing the brutality of war, he survived a musket shot to the chest at the siege of Kehl in 1733 and seven sword slashes, six to the head, at the Battle of Minden in 1759, all while losing three brothers in the Battle of Fontenoy in 1745 and a son in the naval Battle of the Saintes in 1782. Thurel's dedication, showcased in unconventional actions during the 1747 siege of Bergen op Zoom, earned him both scolding and admiration. At 88, he declined a carriage offer and marched the entire distance to the coast in 1787, a testament to his enduring spirit. Meeting King Louis XVI in 1787, he received a pension upon retirement in 1792, remaining a private throughout his remarkable career. Even in retirement, his legacy thrived, meet

 Williamina Fleming was in her early 20s, a recent immigrant to the U.S. from Scotland, and pregnant when her husband left her. Responsible to raise their son, she took a job as a housekeeper in the home of Edward Pickering, who was Director of the Harvard College Observatory. As the story is told, one day when frustrated with the men he employed, Edward yelled out that “My Scottish maid could do better!” While said in jest, there was much truth to his comment. Williamina was an advanced student while in Scotland. She was a pupil-teacher by the time she was 14 years old and continued to teach for five years until she married. In 1881, Edward hired Williamina as the first of what would become a famous group of Harvard Computers. All women, they studied the stars through glass plate photographs. Then only a few years later, Williamina became curator of astronomical photographs. This role came with the responsibility of managing a dozen women computers. Williamina went on to discover many

In 1663, France implemented a program called "Filles du Roi" ("Daughters of the King") , which involved sending 800 women to the colony of Quebec with the purpose of marrying male settlers. This initiative was aimed at bolstering the colony's population and establishing a more balanced gender ratio. The program proved to be highly successful, as it resulted in the doubling of Quebec's population within a mere decade. The women who participated in this program left a lasting impact on the demographic makeup of Quebec and French Canada as a whole. Today, genealogical research has revealed that approximately two-thirds of French Canadians can trace their ancestry back to these courageous women who left their homeland to start new lives and families in the New World. The "Filles du Roi" program not only played a crucial role in the growth and stability of the colony but also shaped the genetic heritage of French Canada for generations to come.

In 1914, an explorer named Ernest Shackleton set out on a daring mission. His goal? To be the first person to walk across the icy wilderness of Antarctica. He and his crew of 27 men set sail on a ship called the Endurance. But things didn't go as planned. Just two days after leaving South Georgia, the ship got trapped in thick sea ice. For ten long months, the Endurance was stuck, slowly being crushed by the moving ice. Finally, when the pressure became too high, the Endurance was lifted by the ice, its rudder and keel torn off, and water started to rush in. Shackleton and his crew had no choice but to abandon their ship and set up camp on the ice. They spent months drifting on ice floes, surviving on limited supplies. In April 1916, they managed to reach Elephant Island using lifeboats. But they knew that no one would find them there, so Shackleton made a bold decision. He and five others set off in a lifeboat, sailing 800 miles across the stormy Southern Ocean to South Georgia. A

Millie and Christine (the "Carolina Twins") were born in Whiteville, North Carolina, on July 11, 1851, to Jacob and Monemia McKoy who were enslaved by the blacksmith Jabez McKay. The McKay farm was near the town of Whiteville. Prior to the sisters' birth, their mother had given birth to seven other children, five boys and two girls, all of ordinary size and form. The twins were conjoined at the lower spine and stood at an approximately 90-degree angle to each other. The twins were first sold at 10 months of age to South Carolinian John C. Pervis. Pervis and McKay reached an agreement where Pervis exhibited the girls for pay and then paid a percentage to McKay. Fourteen months after the original sale, they were sold to a showman, Brower, who had the backing of a wealthy merchant named Joseph Pearson Smith. Brower first exhibited the twins at North Carolina's first ."state fair, held in 1853. They were called "freaks of nature". The North Carolina State F

414 years ago today in 1606, rather than suffer the brutal execution of being hanged, drawn, and quartered in London. Guy Fawkes jumps off the platform breaking his neck and successfully committing suicide.   Guy Fawkes was discovered in the cellar of the parliament building with barrels of gunpowder in a plot to destroy the existing English government.  The plot was organized by a group of Roman Catholics who wanted to replace the Protestant political leadership. All of the conspirators were tortured and executed by being hanged, drawn, and quartered. A method that entails being hanged by the neck almost to the point of death, emasculated, disemboweled, beheaded, and chopped into four pieces. Which makes it clear why Fawkes killed himself to escape this fate.  The failure of the plot was commemorated in Britain and celebrated each year on its anniversary. Guy Fawkes has also become a bit of a rebellious folk hero for trying to abolish an existing government.