granting citizenship to all persons born or naturalized

On ThisDayInHistory in 1868, the 14th Amendment, granting citizenship to all persons born or naturalized

in the United States - including formerly enslaved people – became part of the U.S. Constitution. The amendment then reaffirmed the privileges and rights of all citizens, and granted all these citizens the “equal protection of the laws.
In the decades after its adoption, the equal protection clause was cited by a number of African American activists who argued that racial segregation denied them the equal protection of law.
In 1896, the Plessy v. Ferguson decision, affirming federal toleration of the so-called separate but equal” doctrine, was eventually used to justify segregating all public facilities. However, “colored” facilities were never equal to their white counterparts, and African Americans suffered through decades of debilitating discrimination in the South and elsewhere. In 1954, Plessy v. Ferguson’s core argument was rejected by the Supreme Court in its ruling in Brown v. Board of Education Topeka.

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